Thursday, August 7, 2008
Perkins Loan
you’re an undergraduate, graduate or professional student.
However, the amount you can borrow might be less than
the maximum available.
• Each school participating in the Federal Perkins Loan
program receives a certain amount of Perkins funds each
year from the U.S. Department of Education.
• When all available funds for that award year have been
distributed, no more awards can be made for that year.
• Submit your FAFSA early so you can be considered for
these funds.
Stafford Loans (Direct and FFEL)
The chart, Maximum Annual Loan Limits Chart—Subsidized
and Unsubsidized Direct and FFEL (Federal) Stafford Loans
Mortgage Background:
banking is a natural extension of this traditional origination process. Although it can include loan origination, mortgage
banking goes beyond this basic activity. A bank that only originates and holds mortgage loans in its loan portfolio has not
engaged in mortgage banking as defined here. Those activities are discussed elsewhere in the Comptroller’s
Handbook.
Mortgage banking generally involves loan originations, purchases, and sales through the secondary mortgage market.
A mortgage bank can retain or sell loans it originates and retain or sell the servicing on those loans. Through mortgage
banking, national banks can and do participate in any or a combination of these activities. Banks can also participate in
mortgage banking activities by purchasing rather than originating loans.
The mortgage banking industry is highly competitive and involves many firms and intense competition. Firms engaged
in mortgage banking vary in size from very small, local firms to exceptionally large, nationwide operations. Commercial
banks and their subsidiaries and affiliates make up a large and growing proportion of the mortgage banking industry.
Mortgage banking activities generate fee income and provide cross-selling opportunities that enhance a bank’s retail
banking franchise. The general shift from traditional lending to mortgage banking activities has taken place in the context
of a more recent general shift by commercial banks from interest income activities to non-interest, fee generating
activities.
Wednesday, July 23, 2008
Norwegian companies Import Export Resellers Top in Trade list
Norsk Hydro asa Norway | ||||
Telenor asa Norway | ||||
Aker asa Norway | ||||
Orkla asa Norway | ||||
Aker Kværner asa Norway | ||||
Total E&P Norge as Norway | ||||
ExxonMobil Exploration and Production Norway as Norway | ||||
Yara International asa Norway | ||||
Esso Norge as Norway | ||||
Kommunal Landspensjonskasse Norway | ||||
NorgesGruppen asa Norway | ||||
Storebrand asa Norway | ||||
Norske Skogindustrier asa Norway | ||||
DnB NOR asa Norway | ||||
Helse Øst rfh Norway | ||||
a/s Norske Shell Norway | ||||
Aker Yards asa Norway | ||||
Posten Norge as Norway | ||||
Coop Norge as Norway | ||||
Coop NKL ba Norway | ||||
ConocoPhillips Scandinavia as Norway | ||||
Reitangruppen as Norway | ||||
Eni Norge as Norway | ||||
Helse Sør rhf Norway | ||||
Tine ba Norway | ||||
Veidekke asa Norway | ||||
Statkraft as Norway | ||||
Nortura ba Norway | ||||
Norske ConocoPhillips as | ||||
Helse Vest rhf Norway | ||||
Gjensidige Forsikring Norway | ||||
ExxonMobil Production Norway Inc | ||||
Schibsted asa Norway | ||||
Møllergruppen as Norway | ||||
Helse Midt-Norge rhf Norway | ||||
ICA Norge as Norway | ||||
SAS Braathens as Norway | ||||
Hafslund asa Norway | ||||
BP Norge as Norway | ||||
Skanska Norge as Norway | ||||
Norsk Tipping a/s | ||||
Livsforsikringsselskapet Nordea Liv Norge as | ||||
SpareBank 1 Gruppen as | ||||
Helse Nord rhf Norway | ||||
Norges Statsbaner as Norway | ||||
Aktieselskapet Vinmonopolet Norway | ||||
Expert asa Norway | ||||
Ementor asa | ||||
Rederiaksjeselskapet Torvald Klaveness | ||||
O. N. Sunde a/s | ||||
Petroleum Geo-Services asa | ||||
Elkjøp Grossist as | ||||
Bertel O Steen as Norway | ||||
Jotun a/s Norway | ||||
Nordea Bank Norge as Norway | ||||
Varner-Gruppen as Norway | ||||
Cermaq asa Norway | ||||
Vesta Forsikring as Norway | ||||
Netcom asa | ||||
Stiftelsen Det Norske Veritas | ||||
Odfjell asa | ||||
Statnett sf | ||||
Kongsberg Gruppen asa | ||||
Moelven Industrier asa Norway | ||||
Rolls-Royce Marine as | ||||
Ferd Holding as Norway | ||||
National Oilwell Norway as Norway | ||||
Bama Gruppen as Norway | ||||
Wilh. Wilhelmsen asa | ||||
Scandinavian Bunkering as | ||||
ABB Holding as | ||||
Star Shipping a/s Norway | ||||
Laco as Norway | ||||
Tinfos as Norway | ||||
Ullevål Universitetssykehus hf | ||||
Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet hf | ||||
Avinor as | ||||
Enterprise Oil Norge as | ||||
Mesta as Norway | ||||
NMD Grossisthandel | ||||
EDB Business Partner asa | ||||
Felleskjøpet Agri ba | ||||
Krafts Foods as | ||||
Arrow Electronics Norwegian Holdings as | ||||
Marine Harvest asa Norway | ||||
Lerøy Seafood Group asa | ||||
Apokjeden as | ||||
YX Energi Norge as | ||||
AF Gruppen asa | ||||
Siemens as Norway | ||||
Leif Høegh & Co Shipping as | ||||
Umoe as | ||||
GE Healthcare as | ||||
Elkjøp Norge Grossist as | ||||
NCC Construction as Norway | ||||
ISS Facility Services as | ||||
Kistefos as | ||||
Bergesen Worldwide Gas asa | ||||
Idemitsu Petroleum Norge as | ||||
Agder Energi as | ||||
Color Group asa | ||||
Renewable Energy Corporation asa | ||||
Optimera as | ||||
Rieber & søn asa | ||||
IKEA Handel og Eiendom as | ||||
Frank Mohn as | ||||
Byggmakker Norge as | ||||
Camillo Eitzen & Co | ||||
Fred Olsen Energy asa | ||||
Den Norske Stats Husbank | ||||
Fjordkraft as | ||||
Tomra Systems asa | ||||
Home Invest as | ||||
Elkjøp Norge as | ||||
Hess Norges as | ||||
Kverneland asa Norway | ||||
Norsk Rikskringkasting as | ||||
Toyota Norge as | ||||
Polimoon Group as | ||||
Adecco Norge as | ||||
Brødrene Dahl a/s Norway | ||||
ErgoGroup as | ||||
Bergenshalvøens Kommunale Kraftselskap as | ||||
Lyse Kraft Norway | ||||
Thon Holding as | ||||
Hurtigruten Group asa | ||||
Aweco Group Holding | ||||
A-Pressen as | ||||
Eidsiva Energi as | ||||
H & M Hennes & Mauritz as | ||||
Talisman Energy Norge as | ||||
Pareto as | ||||
Spencer Holding as | ||||
Acergy Norway as | ||||
Løvenskiold-Væke as | ||||
Vitusapotek as | ||||
Odfjell Drilling as Norway | ||||
SIBA Norge filial av SIBA AB Sverige | ||||
Eltek asa | ||||
DOF asa | ||||
Baker Hughes Norge as | ||||
Tele2 Norge as | ||||
Norwegian Air Shuttle asa Norway | ||||
Volvo Personbiler Norge as | ||||
Nexans Norway as | ||||
Coop Trondheim og Omeng ba | ||||
Kongsberg Automotive Holding asa | ||||
Alliance Unichem Norge as Norway | ||||
Felleskjøpet Trondheim | ||||
Stiftelsen Norsk Rikstoto | ||||
YIT Building Systems as | ||||
Gresvig asa | ||||
Norsk Scania as | ||||
Hewlett Packard Norge as | ||||
Borregaard Industries Limited | ||||
Ringnes as | ||||
Tandberg asa | ||||
Canica as | ||||
Peterson as | ||||
Skagerak Energi | ||||
Tiger as Norway | ||||
Troms Kraft as | ||||
Veolia Miljø as | ||||
Skretting as | ||||
Technip Norge as | ||||
Fokus Bank Norway | ||||
Validus as | ||||
Statsbygg | ||||
Fesil asa | ||||
Norsk Stål as | ||||
Halliburton as Norway | ||||
TGS-NOPEC Geophysical Company asa | ||||
E-CO Energi as | ||||
Ekornes asa | ||||
ConocoPhillips Norge | ||||
Bladcentralen ans Norway | ||||
International Business Machines as | ||||
Widerøe's Flyveselskap as | ||||
DONG E&P Norge as | ||||
Aker Universitetssykehus | ||||
Oslo Bolig og Sparelag | ||||
Prosafe se | ||||
TV 2 Gruppen as | ||||
Bilia Personbil as Norway | ||||
Visma as | ||||
Bømmeløy as | ||||
Grieg Maturitas as | ||||
Ruukki Norge as | ||||
Sunnmøre og Romsdal Fiskesalslag al | ||||
Fjord1 Nordvestlandske as | ||||
Kleven Maritime as | ||||
Komplett asa | ||||
Sparebank 1 SR-Bank | ||||
Tandberg Television asa | ||||
E A Smith as | ||||
Sparebanken Nord Norge Norway | ||||
Bauda as | ||||
Kruse Smith as | ||||
Coca-Cola Drikker as | ||||
Onninen as | ||||
Eramet Norway as | ||||
Södra Cell Tofte as Norway | ||||
as Agra Industrier | ||||
Reinertsen as | ||||
as Bache | ||||
Skjeggerød as | ||||
MyTravel Norway as | ||||
Aker Seafoods asa | ||||
Tollpost Globe as Norway | ||||
Elektroskandia as | ||||
Celsa Armeringsstål as | ||||
Laerdal Medical as Norway | ||||
Mestergruppen as | ||||
Steen & Strøm asa | ||||
Europris Holding asa | ||||
M-I Swaco Norge as | ||||
Nammo as Norway | ||||
EGL Nordic as | ||||
Rica Hotels as | ||||
SINTEF | ||||
Farstad Shipping asa | ||||
Subsea 7 Norway nuf | ||||
Heimdal Gruppen as | ||||
Domstein asa | ||||
Scana Industrier asa | ||||
Coast Seafood as | ||||
Olav Thon Eiendomsselskap asa | ||||
DOF Subsea asa | ||||
Solstad Offshore asa | ||||
Nord-Trøndelag Elektrisitetsverk fkf | ||||
Rederiet Harald Sætre as | ||||
Fatland as | ||||
Eniro Holding as Norway | ||||
ABG Sundal Collier asa | ||||
Nergård as | ||||
Nordek as | ||||
Heidenreich Holding a/s | ||||
Acta Holding asa | ||||
Ulsmo as | ||||
I K Lykke as | ||||
Relacom as Norway | ||||
Torghatten Trafikkselskap asa | ||||
Tide asa | ||||
Kitron asa | ||||
Dangaard Telecom Norway as | ||||
Trondheim Energi as | ||||
Automobil as | ||||
APL asa | ||||
Hustadmarmor as | ||||
General Motors Norge as | ||||
Sparebanken Vest Norway | ||||
RWE Dea Norge as | ||||
Rutebileiernes Standardiseringsaksjeselskap | ||||
Wilson asa | ||||
Hjemmet Mortensen as | ||||
Gyldendal asa | ||||
Motor Gruppen as | ||||
A Wilhelmsen as | ||||
BioMar a.s. | ||||
Felleskjøpet Rogaland Agder | ||||
Brødr. Sunde a/s | ||||
Volvo Maskin as | ||||
Gunnar Karlsen as | ||||
Norges Røde Kors | ||||
Jackon as | ||||
TTS Marine asa | ||||
Aker Material Handling Norway | ||||
Menigo Foodservice Norge as | ||||
Sparebanken Midt-Norge | ||||
Skeidar Holding as | ||||
Jakob Hatteland Holding as | ||||
Coop Nord ba | ||||
Kaefer IKM as | ||||
Bonheur asa | ||||
Startour-Stjernereiser as | ||||
Nordic Intertrade as | ||||
IKM Gruppen as Norway | ||||
Stor-Oslo Lokaltrafikk as | ||||
Lani Invest as | ||||
Block Watne Gruppen asa | ||||
Esso Energi as | ||||
PEAB as Norway | ||||
Scancem International ans | ||||
Bankenes Betalingssentral as | ||||
Ability Group asa | ||||
Johan G Olsen as | ||||
Byggma as | ||||
Deep Ocean asa | ||||
Grenland Group asa | ||||
Forbrukersamvirket Sør ba Norway | ||||
KB Gruppen Kongsvinger as | ||||
Nycomed Pharma as | ||||
Kavli Holding as | ||||
Coop Orkla ba | ||||
Talisman Resources Norway Limited | ||||
Boliden Odda as | ||||
Coop Vestfold og Telemark ba | ||||
SG Finans as | ||||
Fosen Trafikklag asa | ||||
Pemco as Norway | ||||
Skanem as | ||||
Ocean Rig asa | ||||
Hig Invest as | ||||
Norsea Group as | ||||
Glava as Norway | ||||
Gaz de France Norge as | ||||
Heli-One (Norway) as | ||||
Johs Rasmussen as Norway | ||||
Glamox asa | ||||
Monsun as | ||||
Euro Sko Norge as | ||||
Framo Engineering as | ||||
JL Tiedemanns Tobaksfabrik as | ||||
DNO asa | ||||
Fabricom as Norway | ||||
H. I. Giørtz Sønner as | ||||
I M Skaugen asa | ||||
Sparebanken Møre Norway | ||||
Ford Motor Norge as Norway | ||||
Byggholt as | ||||
Torp Computing Group asa | ||||
Hilleik as | ||||
Norsk Aller as | ||||
Solar Norge as Norway | ||||
Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani as | ||||
Ernst & Young as | ||||
Salmar asa | ||||
as Fjellinjen | ||||
Norway Royal Salmon as | ||||
Selvaag Gruppen as | ||||
Electrolux Home Products Norway as | ||||
Wenaasgruppen as | ||||
Norsk Helikopter as | ||||
Accenture ans | ||||
Pricewaterhouse as | ||||
Pon Equipment as | ||||
Energiselskapet Buskerud as | ||||
Norconsult Holding as | ||||
BMW Norge as | ||||
J. J. Ugland Holding as | ||||
Det Norske Diakonhjem | ||||
Kjedehuset as | ||||
Coop Økonom ba | ||||
Coop Haugaland ba | ||||
Seaborn as | ||||
Kuoni Scandinavia ab nuf | ||||
CHC Helikopter Service as | ||||
as Avishuset Dagbladet | ||||
GC Rieber as | ||||
Linstow as | ||||
DSV Road as | ||||
Shell International Pipelines Int nuf | ||||
SCA Hygiene Products as Norway | ||||
Maske Gruppen as | ||||
Chess Communication as | ||||
A-K Holding Auctus as | ||||
Marathon Petroleum Company Norway | ||||
Entra Eiendom as | ||||
Nortura Hærland as | ||||
Handicare as | ||||
HC Holding as | ||||
Fugro-Geoteam as | ||||
Chevron Norge as | ||||
Kronos Norge as | ||||
Bonnier Publications International as | ||||
Altinex asa | ||||
Flying Elephant as | ||||
Bergene Holm as | ||||
Infocare as | ||||
al Gartnerhallen | ||||
NCC Roads as | ||||
Jordan as | ||||
HelgelandsKraft as | ||||
Lindex as | ||||
Bundegruppen as | ||||
Lefdal Elektromarked as | ||||
Nordli Gruppen as | ||||
Spenncon as | ||||
Assuranceforeningen Gard - gjensidig | ||||
Spis Norge as | ||||
Legula as | ||||
Stavanger Fondsforvaltning as | ||||
KappAhl a/s | ||||
E.ON Ruhrgas Norge as | ||||
Fast Search & Transfer asa | ||||
Aker Marine Contractors as | ||||
Mitsui & Co Norway as | ||||
Pfizer as | ||||
Sparebanken Hedmark | ||||
DFDS Lys Line as | ||||
Schenker as | ||||
Hansa Borg Bryggerier as | ||||
Brynild Gruppen as | ||||
KCA Deutag Drilling Norge as | ||||
Knutsen Shuttle Tankers Pool as | ||||
Clas Ohlson as | ||||
JYSK as | ||||
Green Reefers asa | ||||
First Securities | ||||
T S Eiendom as | ||||
Norconsult as | ||||
Coop Innlandet ba | ||||
Høiland Holding as | ||||
Tietoenator as | ||||
Diakonhjemmet Sykehus as | ||||
TDC Song as | ||||
AGA as | ||||
Lovisenberg Diakonale Sykehus as | ||||
as Ugland Rederi | ||||
Arcus-Gruppen as | ||||
Sulland Holding as | ||||
Fujitsu Siemens Computers as | ||||
Roxar as | ||||
Bautas as | ||||
Draka Norsk Kabel as | ||||
Technor Holding as | ||||
Coop Sambo ba | ||||
Maxit as | ||||
Stiftelsen Handelshøyskolen BI | ||||
Felleskjøpet Maskin ba | ||||
Treschow-Fritzøe as | ||||
Ruukki Profiler as | ||||
Falconbridge Nikkelverk as | ||||
Bergens Tidende as | ||||
Terra Gruppen as | ||||
Get as | ||||
Strømberg Gruppen as | ||||
as Sigurd Hesselberg | ||||
Volvo Aero Norge as | ||||
Aspelin-Ramm Gruppen as | ||||
Protan as | ||||
Fredrikstad Energi as | ||||
Frelsesarmeen | ||||
Brødrene Risa as | ||||
Rasmussengruppen as | ||||
Nydalen Bolig as | ||||
Bunker Oil as | ||||
D&F Group as | ||||
Assuranceforeningen Skuld (Gjensidig) | ||||
Jøtul Holding as | ||||
MAN Last og Buss as | ||||
Adresseavisen asa | ||||
Utkilen as | ||||
Knut Axel Ugland Holding as | ||||
Nordlaks Holding as | ||||
Fjordlaks as | ||||
Istad as | ||||
Gunnar Nordbø as | ||||
Bourbon Offshore Norway as | ||||
Brødrene Nordbø as | ||||
Odim asa | ||||
Anthon B Nilsen as | ||||
Tandberg Data asa | ||||
Unicon as | ||||
Scandinavian Fittings and Flanges as | ||||
Nordic Paper as | ||||
Fortum Markets as | ||||
Egil Stenshagen Holding as | ||||
Norges Handels og Sjøfartstidende as | ||||
Eidesvik Offshore asa | ||||
Denofa as | ||||
Oceaneering as | ||||
Hospitality Invest as | ||||
Folke Hermansen as | ||||
Kid Interiør as | ||||
Viking Supply Ships as | ||||
Fagforbundet | ||||
TrønderEnergi as | ||||
Boligbygg Oslo kf | ||||
West Contractors as | ||||
Glaxosmithkline as | ||||
Akershus Energi as | ||||
Bjørge asa | ||||
Welcon as | ||||
Blom asa | ||||
NLI Holding as | ||||
Santander Consumer Bank as | ||||
Kuehne + Nagel as | ||||
Periscopus | ||||
Norwegian Hull Club - Gjensidig Assuranseforening | ||||
Europark as | ||||
Synnøve Finden asa | ||||
Fjordland as | ||||
Trico Supply as | ||||
Petrojack | ||||
Leonhard Nilsen & Sønner - Eiendom as | ||||
Scombrus as | ||||
BA Holding as | ||||
Norsildmel Innovation as | ||||
Wurth Norge as | ||||
Multiconsult as | ||||
Norsea Gas as | ||||
Coop Helgeland ba | ||||
Norskott Havbruk as | ||||
Eikmaskin as | ||||
Carnegie asa | ||||
Neumann Bygg as | ||||
Capgemini Norge as | ||||
Schneider Electric Norge as |
All these Companies belong to Norway and are backbone of Norway's Economy, This material is for general information about Norway
The country is richly endowed with natural resources including petroleum, hydropower, fish, forests, and minerals. Norway has obtained one of the highest standards of living in the world in part by having a large amount of natural resources compared to the size of the population. The income from natural resources include a significant contribution from petroleum production and the substantial and well-managed income related to this sector. Norway also has a very low unemployment rate, currently below 2% (June 2007). The hourly productivity levels, as well as average hourly wages in Norway are among the highest in the world. The egalitarian values of the Norwegian society[citation needed] ensure that the wage difference between the lowest paid worker and the CEO of most companies is much smaller than in comparable western economies. This is also evident in Norway's low Gini coefficient.
Selskap med delt ansvar or DA, in English Company with Shared Liability is a type of company in Norway that does not have limited liability. The company will have two or more participents, who hold a given percentile ownership of the company. A DA is not based around stocks, like the aksjeselskap (AS), nor is there mutual liability, like in the ansvarlig selskap (ANS). Instead each participent is directly liable for its relative ownership in the company.
Norway companies
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Sunday, May 4, 2008
Elastomer Systems.. i like 'em
- Adhesives and sealants
- Appliance and furniture
- Automotive (sealing, hose)
- Construction
- Industrial rubber products
- Footwear
- Personal care and medical
- Recreation and toys
- Tire markets
-
ABS Sheet
-
Acetals (see Delrin)
-
Acetate Sheet, Rolls, Tubing
-
Acrylic Plexiglas, Acrylite Sheet, Cast and Extruded Acrylic Rod, Tubing, Square Tubing, Block, Tubing, Sheet
-
Balls (Nylon, Teflon, etc.)
-
CAB (Cellulose Acetate Butyrate) Tubing
-
Celcon (see Delrin)
-
Delrin Square and Round Rod, Rectangular and Tubular Bar, Plate, Disc, Strip
-
Delrin A.F. Round Rod, Plate, Disc, Bar
-
Eastman 910 Adhesive
-
Epoxy Cements and Resins
-
Ertalyte Round Rod, Plate, Tubular Bar
-
FEP Film, Shrink-Fit Tubing,
-
Fiberglas Reinforced Plastics
-
Fibergrate
-
Film Acetate, Mylar, Polyethylene, Vinyl
-
Fluorglas Fabrics, Adhesive Tape, Belts
-
Fibre-Fishpaper
-
Glass Polyester Laminates
-
High Impact Styrene Sheet
-
Inner-Braided Tubing
-
K-Lux Panels
-
Kel-F Rods and Sheets
-
Kynar
-
Lexan Round Rods, Plate, Sheet, Tubing
-
MD Nylon Rod, Plate
-
Mylar Film, Sheet
-
Naigene Industrial Tanks
-
Nema Grade Phenolic
-
Nylon Square, Round, and MD Rod, Rectangular, Tubular, and Cast Tubular Bar, Disc, Plate, MD Plate, Strip, Pressure and Extruded Tubing, and Custom Casting
-
Noryl
-
PVC including pipes and fittings
-
Phenolic Rod, Sheet, and Tubing
-
Plexiglas (see Acrylic)
-
Polycarbonate (see Lexan)
-
Polyethylene High Density Sheet, Rod, Welding Rod, Rolls, Block, Tubing, Film
-
Polyolefins Tivar 100, Polypropylenes, Heat Shrinkable Tubing
-
Polypropylene Sheet, Rod, Welding Rod, Rolls, Block, Tubing
-
Polystyrene Sheet, Rod, Tubing
-
Polyurethane Custom Casting
-
Polyphenyline Oxide (PPO)
-
Pultruded Fiberglass
-
PVC Rod, Welding Rod, Sheet Fittings
-
Resins
-
Rexolite
-
Silicone Rubber
-
TFE (see Teflon)
-
Teflon FEP Film, Sheet, Round Sheet, Rod, Disc, Extruded Tubing, Tape, Molded Bar and Cylinder, Spaghetti Tubing, Flexible Tubing, Spray
-
Transite
-
UHMW Sheet, Rod, Bar, Extruded Shapes Bearings
-
Vinyl Planished and Calendered Rigid Sheets, Krene Film and Sheeting, Calendered Roll Stock, Cast Film, Clear Tubing
-
Vulcanized Fibre
-
Zytel (see Nylon)
Monday, March 10, 2008
Tire pressure monitoring system
Tread
Treads are often designed to meet specific product marketing positions. High performance tires have small void ratios to provide more rubber in contact with the road for higher traction, but may be compounded with softer rubber that provides better traction, but wears quickly.
Voids are spaces between lugs that allow the lugs to flex. Tread patterns feature non-symmetrical lug sizes circumferentially in order to minimize noise.
Mud and snow tires are designed with higher void ratios to channel away rain and mud, while providing better gripping performance. When installing new tires, you should try and replace all four at once. Installing just two new tires on the front or rear will encourage under steer or over steer, depending on the vehicle and position of the new tires.
The tread pattern is characterized by the geometrical shape of the grooves, lugs, and voids. Grooves run circumferentially around the tire, and are needed to channel away water. Lugs are that portion of the tread design that contacts the road surface.